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Elements and Performance Criteria

1. Information from charts and publications is interpreted and applied to accurately identify potential navigational hazards relevant to the proposed voyage
2. State of the tide at specified locations is determined and findings are applied to the passage plan
3. Route for voyage is determined and critical points along the proposed route of voyage are identified and plotted
4. Accurate calculations and measurements of navigational information are made
5. Meteorological information is obtained and interpreted, and weather and sea condition hazards relevant to the proposed voyage are identified prior to departure
6. Route is modified, as required, to take into account weather and sea condition hazards
7. Planned route for voyage is recorded according to organisational and regulatory requirements
   • Mode of steering is selected appropriate for the prevailing weather, sea and traffic conditions and intended manoeuvres
8. Measurements and observations of sea and weather conditions are used to determine vessel speed and direction
9. Information from bridge equipment is interpreted to identify navigational hazards and fix vessel position
10. Alterations to vessel course or speed are made to meet prevailing circumstances and changing conditions
11. Navigational manoeuvres are conducted within safe operational limits of vessel
12. Details of passage are recorded in vessel log according to regulations
13. Variations to planned route are documented prior to archiving on completion of the voyage
    • Primary position fixing method is selected according to prevailing circumstances and conditions
14. Position is fixed using selected method and information derived from relevant wheelhouse equipment
15. Position is determined within limits of acceptable instrument/system errors
16. Position is recorded on a navigational chart according to regulatory requirements
17. Fixes are taken at time intervals appropriate for prevailing navigational conditions
18. Reliability of information obtained from primary method of position fixing is checked at appropriate intervals
19. Performance checks of position fixing instruments and wheelhouse equipment are carried out according to organisational procedures and manufacturer instructions
20. Determine appropriate action to take with respect to plotted position
    • Assessment of the set, drift and leeway being experienced by the vessel is made
21. Course is adjusted to maintain or resume planned route where the position indicates a deviation has occurred
22. Dead reckoning (DR) and/or estimated position (EP) is projected along planned route according to the course made good between previously observed positions
23. Analyse navigational system performance
    • Theoretical performance of navigational system is determined
24. Measurement equipment is selected, and checks and tests are conducted
25. Data is analysed and theoretical performance is checked with actual performance
26. Significance of variation between theoretical and actual performance is determined
27. Appropriate action is taken to bring performance to acceptable instrument/system errors

Range Statement

Range is restricted to essential operating conditions and any other variables essential to the work environment.

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Performance Evidence

Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria on at least one occasion and include: accurately measuring and observing weather conditions accurately preparing calculations and measurements of navigational information adjusting steering controls for optimum performance calculating courses using plane, Mercator and great circle sailing (GCS) methods changing over from manual to automatic control and vice versa checking reliability of information obtained from primary method of position fixing at appropriate intervals correctly interpreting and applying meteorological information determining errors in magnetic and gyrocompasses, and correctly applying to courses and bearings determining errors of magnetic and gyrocompasses using celestial and terrestrial means, and allowing for such errors determining vessel position by use of: aids to navigation, including lighthouses, beacons and buoys dead reckoning (DR), taking into account winds, tides, currents and estimated speed electronic navigational aids landmarks rising and dipping distances of lights and the use of horizontal angles determining vessel position within the limits of acceptable instrument/system errors estimating position using DR interpreting nautical charts and publications, including symbols and other chart information maintaining charts and publications by applying up-to-date corrections to both paper and electronic charts and publications operating echo-sounders and applying the information correctly producing accurate and reliable information reading the aneroid barometer and interpreting the information obtained selecting and applying primary position fixing method, including: celestial observations radar ranges or bearings radio navigation aids running fix simultaneous bearings or transits of coastal features soundings to determine position terrestrial observations selecting mode of steering most suitable for prevailing weather, sea and traffic conditions and intended manoeuvres, including: automatic pilot electric systems hydraulic systems using and interpreting information obtained from shipborne meteorological instruments using celestial bodies to determine vessel position using navigational charts, nautical publications and related documentation, including: Nautical Almanac nautical tables Notices to Mariners paper charts radio navigational warnings sailing directions temporary warning notices tide tables vessel routeing information weather reports and warnings.

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Knowledge Evidence

Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria and include knowledge of: celestial observations and calculations, including: celestial sphere and equinoctial system of co-ordinates compass error using azimuth and amplitude daily motion and horizontal system of co-ordinates hour angle latitude by meridian altitude pole star observations sextant and altitude corrections solar system time and equation of time characteristics of the various weather systems, reporting procedures and recording systems charted information, including that in the title block, zones of confidence diagrams and datums compass error from transit bearings or by bearings taken from a known position times and heights of high and low water from Australian or local tide tables for primary and secondary ports and the relevance of chart datum effects of current and leeway on the course and speed of the vessel (without calculations) finding the variation from the chart fixing vessel position by: radar ranges and bearings simultaneous bearings, transits of coastal features, and running fix hazards, including: restricted visibility shallow water traffic unlit beacons interpreting the set and drift of the current from information available on the chart maintaining information in a navigational log and voyage records measuring distance on a chart meteorological instruments and their use meteorological terms nautical charts and publications navigation systems, performance checks and tests to comply with manufacturers’ recommendations and good navigation practice plane, Mercator and GCS concepts and calculations principles of magnetic and gyrocompasses and fluxgate compass relationship between compass, magnetic, true and gyro-courses and bearings relative bearings selection of suitable points for bearings sources of weather forecasts and the interpretation of that information steering control systems, including operating procedures theory of tides use and limitations on the use of electronic position fixing equipment, including: augmented satellite systems enhance loran-C system global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and Galileo global navigation system (GNS) and global positioning system (GPS) loran-C system use of a deviation card using a single position line to assist in clearing dangers using modern electronic navigational aids to determine vessel position using meteorological information available, including: atmospheric pressure cloud precipitation recording and reporting weather observations structure of depressions tropical revolving storms and other pressure systems visibility weather services for shipping wind and other pressure systems over the ocean using soundings in determining position using terrestrial observations to determine vessel position individually or in combination with other methods work health and safety (WHS)/occupational health and safety (OHS) requirements and work practices.

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